Most common type of diabetes triples
risk of an early menopause in women younger than 45 years of age
Type 2 diabetes - the most common type of diabetes - triples the
risk of an early menopause in women younger than 45 years of age, according to
new research published in the peer-reviewed journal Climacteric.
Diabetes is a huge and increasing international problem. The
International Diabetes Federation estimates that 366m people had diabetes in
2011 – more than the entire population of the USA. This figure is predicted to
rise to 552m by 2030. 90% of those with diabetes have type 2 diabetes.
A group led by Dr Álvaro Monterrosa-Castro, of the University of Cartagena,
Colombia asked 6079 women aged between 40 and 59
years from 11 Latin American countries a series of questions related to
menopause, depression, and diabetes. They then associated their responses with
a series of variables such as weight, blood pressure, HRT use. Using a
statistical programme developed by the Centre for Disease Control in the USA,
they were able to pull out a series of correlations – some expected, but some
more surprising. The main finding was:
·
Menopause
itself does not increase the risk of diabetes. But in contrast, women under 45
who have type 2 diabetes have almost three
times (Odds Ratio, 2.76) the risk of an early menopause; the average age of
menopause in women with diabetes was 48.5 years, as opposed to 50.1 years in
non-diabetic women (there were no other significant differences between the
groups). This means that 29.5% of diabetic
women aged 40 to 44 had experienced the menopause.
Other findings of the research
are:
·
Living at an
altitude of more than 2500m is associated with a lower diabetes risk (26% )
·
Women
with a BMI of ≥30 were 57% more likely to have diabetes
·
High
blood pressure significantly increased the risk of Diabetes (87%)
In contrast to previous studies,
this work found that Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT) increased the risk of
diabetes by 14%. Dr Monterrosa-Castro commented “This
result is different to the majority of previous work which has shown that HRT
reduces the risk for diabetes. However, it is possible that the differences may
be explained by genetic differences or by the fact that nowadays women tend to
use lower doses of estrogen than when most of the previous studies were carried
out”.
The study also found a mixed
result for the association of alcohol with type 2 diabetes, with those women
taking lower or moderate doses of alcohol having a reduced risk, whereas high
alcohol intake was associated with a higher diabetes risk.
Dr Monterrosa-Castro said
“The study shows several things.
Firstly, menopause itself does not increase the risk of diabetes, but
conversely having type 2 diabetes triples the risk of an early menopause.
Secondly, the associations between diabetes and menopause can be complex, which
reinforces the message that women approaching the menopause need to be treated
as individuals, and evaluated according to their own general health, background
and risk factors. Diabetes is also associated with a generally poor quality of
life, so we should encourage women to avoid risk factors for type 2 diabetes,
such as being overweight or having high blood pressure”.
Commenting, Climacteric editor Dr Nick Panay (London) said:
"Premature ovarian
insufficiency (POI) can impair health and life expectancy if poorly managed.
This study reinforces the importance of early diagnosis to detect and treat
associated conditions such as diabetes, thus optimising short and long term
wellbeing."
ENDS
Notes for Editors
Please mention the journal
Climacteric in any story.
The
full paper is available from the International Menopause Society press officer,
Tom Parkhill, tom@parkhill.it. See also the IMS
website, http://www.imsociety.org/index.php
This article appears in the
December edition of the peer-reviewed journal Climacteric, which is the
official journal of the International Menopause Society. Reference CLIMACTERIC 2013;16:1–10
The
World Congress on the Menopause takes place in Cancun, Mexico, from 1-4 May
2013, see: http://www.imscancun2014.com/
Abstract Type II diabetes mellitus and menopause: a multinational study
A. Monterrosa-Castro ,
J. E. Bl ü mel , K. Portela-Buelvas , E. Mezones-Holgu í n , G. Bar ó n , A.
Bencosme , Z. Ben í tez ,
L. M. Bravo , A. Calle
, P. Chedraui , D. Flores , M. T. Espinoza , G. G ó mez , J. A. Hern á
ndez-Bueno , F. Laribezcoa ,
S. Lima , M. Martino ,
D. Mostajo , E. Ojeda , W. Onatra , H. S á nchez , D. Navarro , K. Tserotas ,
M. S. Vallejo, S. Witis
and M. C. Zuñiga for the Collaborative Group
for Research of the Climacteric in Latin America (REDLINC)
Background Type II diabetes mellitus causes metabolic
changes that may lead to early menopause and
worsen climacteric symptoms.
Objectives To determine the risk factors for type II
diabetes mellitus and assess the impact of this disease
on the age of menopause and on climacteric symptoms.
Methods A total of 6079 women aged between 40 and 59
years from 11 Latin American countries were
requested to answer the Menopause Rating
Scale and Goldberg Anxiety-Depression Scale.
Results The prevalence of diabetes was 6.7%. Diabetes
mellitus was associated with arterial hypertension
(odds ratio (OR) 4.49; 95% confidence
interval (CI) 3.47 – 5.31), the use of psychotropic drugs (OR 1.54;
95% CI 1.22 – 1.94), hormonal therapy (OR
1.46; 95% CI 1.11 – 1.92), __
50 years of age (OR 1.48; 95% CI
1.17 – 1.86), overweight or obese (OR 1.47;
95% CI 1.15 – 1.89), and waist circumference __ 88 cm (OR 1.32;
95% CI 1.06 – 1.65). Factors associated with
lower risk of diabetes were the use of hormonal contraceptives
(OR 0.55; 95% CI 0.35 – 0.87), alcohol (OR
0.73; 95% CI 0.54 – 0.98) and living in cities _ 2500 meters
above sea level (OR 0.70; 95% CI 0.53 – 0.91)
or with high temperatures (OR 0.67; 95% CI 0.51 – 0.88).
In turn, diabetes tripled the risk of
menopause in women under 45 years of age. Diabetes did not increase
the risk of deterioration of quality of life
due to climacteric symptoms.
Conclusion Menopause does not increase the risk of type
II diabetes mellitus. Diabetes is associated with
early menopause in women under 45 years of
age.
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